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職場英語:耍心機不如踏實干好這8件事
Employers assume that those they hire know how to perform certain tasks. For example your boss will expect you to know how to write a professional email and answer the phone properly. Those tasks are pretty simple, but others are a bit more complicated―for example apologizing for a mistake. That's not something everyone knows how to do. Here are 8 tasks, some simple and some not, that everyone must master:
雇主希望員工能夠完成一些日常任務,如寫一封有水平的郵件或者是得體地接聽電話等。類似這樣的任務其實是相當簡單的,但是別的就復雜一點,就如在犯錯之后及時道歉,這并不是每個人都知道怎么處理的。接下來向大家介紹8項日常的基本任務,有些比較簡單,有些比較困難,但是是每個人都應該了解和掌握的事情。
1. Sending a Professional Email: If you are under the age of 30 it's very likely you have been using email since you've known how to write. What you may not know is that there's a big difference between sending email to your friends and using this medium for work-related correspondence. For example, you may write in all lowercase letters, use slang and abbreviations, and perhaps even let misspellings and bad grammar go by, when sending email to your friends. Those are some of the "do nots" to which you should be attentive when corresponding with coworkers, your boss or clients.
1. 寫商務郵件:只要你還很年輕,發送電子郵件對于你來說只是小菜一碟。不過你可能不知道的是,寫給朋友的郵件與工作伙伴間的通訊郵件是大不相同的。例如,在給朋友寫信的時候,你可能會使用小寫字母,俚語或縮寫,甚至有時候單詞拼寫錯誤,語法混亂,不過這都沒有關系,因為你們的關系親近,理解對方。而一旦你給工作伙伴,老板或客戶寫郵件的時候,這些錯誤就一定要避免了。
2. Writing a Memo or Business Letter: It's hard to imagine having to send a paper copy of a memo or letter instead of an email, but it could happen. In case it ever does, you should know how to do it properly.
2. 寫備忘和商務信函:很難想象,在當今社會還存在寄信的情況,不過這確實存在。為了應對這種情況,你需要了解商務信函的正確格式。
3. Answering the Telephone and Making Phone Calls: You've been making and receiving phone calls your entire life. Of course you know how to do this very simple task: you pick up the phone and say hello (or if making a call, you ask for the person to whom you want to speak). That's fine for personal phone calls but not for business calls. When you answer a call you should always identify yourself by name and state the name of your department or company. Give your name to the person who answers the phone when you are the caller and then tell him or her who you are trying to reach.
3. 撥打和接聽電話:在你的人生中,已經撥打和接聽過無數電話了。當然你知道接聽電話是一件很簡單的事情:拿起電話說hello(或者是打電話,請你想找的人接聽電話)就可以了。不過這只限于打私人電話,商務通話則不行。每當你接聽商務電話的時候,請切記報上自己的名字和所在的部門或公司。把你的名字告訴接聽電話的人,并告訴他你想要請誰來接聽電話。
4. Making Introductions: When you meet someone new it is polite to introduce yourself to him or her. It is also polite to introduce people to one another. In a work-related situation it is always best to use first and last names. For example, say "Hello. I'm Mary Smith" when you meet someone for the first time. You can also do this when you run into someone you've met before but whose name you don't remember. In that case, you can add "I know we've met before but I'm afraid I've forgotten your name." Chances are they don't remember yours either! When introducing others say, for example, "John Jones, I'd like you to meet Peter Smith."
4. 自我介紹:與別人初次見面,自我介紹是有禮貌的行為。在職場,最好使用全名。例如,在第一次與別人見面的時候,你可以說”Hello, I’m Mary Smith.” 你也可以在忘記了別人的名字的時候這樣做。當然,也有可能是他們忘了你的名字。在這種情況下,你可以補充道,“我們之前見過面,但是我可能忘了您的名字?!薄.斀榻B別人的時候,你可以這樣說, “John Jones, I’d like you to meet Peter Smith.”
5. Taking Minutes at a Meeting: Many jobs involve attending meetings, at least occasionally. Often it is required that written records, called minutes, be kept of these meetings. At some point, the person running the meeting may turn to you to take these minutes. This will require keeping track of attendees and carefully taking notes of all discussions. You will also have to type up the minutes after the meeting.
5. 會議記錄:很多職業場合或多或少都要開會,并且通常都需要會議記錄。此時,會議的指導者會請你把會議內容記錄下來。此時你需要細心詳細地記錄下每一位參與會議的人員的發言,會議過后你還要把記錄打印出來。
6. Writing a 'To Do' List: Most jobs involve juggling multiple tasks. The best way to keep track of all of them is to keep a to do list. Write down all the tasks for which you are responsible, prioritized by the order in which you must complete them. Include due dates. Whether you use a smart phone app, computer software or a piece of paper, make sure you can either check off or cross out items as you complete them.
6. 編寫待辦事項:很多職業都要求員工完成多種任務。為了不會遺漏任何一件任務,最好的方法就是把它們一一羅列出來。把所有的事情以完成的緊急性按順序寫下來,要記得把截止期限也寫上,這樣才不會有錯失。在使用智能手機的應用,電腦軟件或者用紙條寫下來的時候,要確保你可以隨時查看并且能夠標記已完成事項。
7. Apologizing for a Mistake: In order to apologize for a mistake, you will have to admit you made it. That's a hard thing to do but it's necessary. It is imperative that you act quickly―as soon as you realize your error, talk to your boss or whomever will it will effect. Try to have a plan in mind to correct the mistake.
7. 犯錯后道歉:在道歉前,你必須承認自己犯了錯。雖然這不是一件容易的事情,但是是必須的。并且越快越好,一旦發現出錯了,要對可能造成影響的上司馬上匯報情況,并且要有改錯的意識。
8. Calling in Sick: No one likes getting sick but, even more than that, most people hate calling in sick. A precarious job market has led us to believe our presence at the office (or wherever your workplace happens to be) is of the utmost importance. While it is true that you shouldn't take sick days unnecessarily, you should try to avoid infecting your coworkers―stay home if you have a something they could catch! A phone call is usually the best way to inform your boss of your absence but make sure to follow your employer's notification procedures.
8. 請病假:沒有人希望生病,不過更有甚者,人們都不喜歡請病假。當前不穩定的就業環境要求我們隨時待命。但是不應該帶病上班,以免傳染給同事,那么就呆在家吧!最好的方法就是及時打電話請假,要注意不要在不適合的時間給上司打電話,以免打擾到上司。
如何用英語表達“好久不見”?
1. I haven't seen you for a long time. / Long time no see.
好久沒見。
2. How have you been?
最近過得怎么樣?
3. How's everything going?
最近過得還好嗎?
4. What's happening?
在忙什么?
5. What have you been up to?
最近都忙些什么?
6. It's really nice to see you again.
再見到你真高興!
7. What keeps you so busy lately?
你最近怎么這樣忙?
8. What's up?
近來可好?
9. What's going on?
一切都好嗎?
10. It's been a long time. How are things treating you?
好久不見。你怎么樣?
英語口語:如何用地道表達買單方式?
1. Paying by Cash
現金支付
Guest: Waiter, the bill, please.
服務員,結賬。
Waiter: Yes, sir. Here is your check/bill, sir. Thank you.
好的,先生。先生,這是您的賬單,多謝。
Guest: Here you are.
給你。
Waiter: 200 yuan. Please wait a minute. I'll be right back with your changes and receipt.
這里收您200元,請稍等一會,我將很快找回零錢及賬單給您。
Waiter: Here is your changes and your receipt, thank you. Good night. Hope to see you again.
多謝,這是找給您的零錢及賬單。晚安,希望您再次光臨。
Guest: Thank you. This is your tip.
謝謝!這是給你的小費。
Waiter: Thank you, sir. You're very kind.
多謝,先生。謝謝你的好意。
2. Paying by Credit Card
信用卡付賬
Guest: Check/Take the bill,please.
結賬。
Waiter: Here is your check, sir. Would you like to sign it to your room?
這是您的賬單,先生。您想簽單嗎?
Guest: No, I'll just pay in cash. Do you accept U.S. Dollars.
不,我付現金,你們收美元嗎?
Waiter: Yes. But we only have Chinese yuan for change. And the exchange rate is one hundred U.S. Dollar to RMB 804. Do you mind that?
是的,但是我們找零只有人民幣,兌換匯率是100美元兌804人民幣,你介意嗎?
Guest: Well. May I use my credit card?
那么,可以用信用卡嗎?
Waiter: Yes sure.
當然。
3. Sign the Bill
簽字付賬
Waiter: Would you like anything else?
您還需要些什么?
Guest: No, thank you. We'll have the bill now.
不需要了,謝謝。我們現在要結賬了。
Waiter: Yes, sir. How would you like to pay for it, sir?
好的,先生,您打算怎樣付賬?
Guest: I'd like to put it on my hotel bill.
我想把賬記在賬單上。
Guest: What's your room number?
請問你的房間號?
Waiter: 1208.
1208。
Waiter: Would you sign your name and room number on the bill, please? And could you show me your room key/hotel passport.
在賬單上寫上您的名字和房間號碼,并且請出示房匙/房卡,好嗎?
Guest: Of course, here you are.
當然,給你。
4. Paying by Traveller's Cheques
用旅行支票付賬
Guest: Waiter, Can I have the bill, please?
服務員,結賬。
Waiter: Yes, sir.
好的,先生。
Guest: Do you accept traveller's cheque?
你們收旅行支票嗎?
Waiter: Yes, sir. But could you give me your address and some identification?
是的,先生,但是您要出示地址和證件。
Guest: Here is my passport.
這是我的護照。
Waiter: Thank you.
謝謝。
Guest: Should I put my name and address on the back of the cheque?
我要把名字和地址寫在支票背面嗎?
Waiter: Yes, Would you please sign them in block letters?
是的,請用正楷字書寫,好嗎?
Guest: No problem.
沒問題。
5. Using the Vouchers
使用贈券
Waiter: Excuse me, sir. Do you need anything else? If not, do you mind if I bring you your bill? It is nearly closing time.
對不起,先生,請問還需要點什么嗎?如果不需要的話,介不介先結賬呢?因為就要到關門時間了。
Guest: I'm sorry, check now, please.
對不起,現在結賬吧。
Waiter: Would you like separate bills or one bill?/Would you like to pay together or separately?
請問分單還是一起結賬?
Guest: Together.
一起結賬。
Waiter: How would you like to pay for it, sir? You may pay cash, credit card, cheque or charge it to your room.
您打算怎樣付賬?你可以付現金、信用卡、支票或入房數。
Guest: I'd like to pay cash. I have discount card and vouchers here.
現金,我這兒有折頭卡和贈券。
Waiter: I'm sorry. Discount card and vouchers are not to be used together.
對不起,折頭卡與贈券不可以同時使用。
Guest: Well, use the vouchers first.
那先用贈券吧。
英語口語:地道表達“熱“ 就這個feel倍兒熱!
1. It's raining fire.(炎熱指數★★★)
天跟下火似的。
[解析] 這一句光是看字面就能體會到那份焦灼之感,raining fire, 下火。
2.It's hot as heck(hell).(炎熱指數★★★)
像地獄一樣熱。
[解析] 地獄大家都知道以高溫著稱。hot as hell,像地獄一樣的溫度,可想而知有多么熱。 heck是hell的委婉表達形式。
eg:What the heck are you talking about?
你TM說什么呢?
3.It's a scorcher(炎熱指數★★★★)
真是太太太熱了!
[解析] scorcher,名詞,“大熱天”“極熱的天氣”。
4. We can fry eggs on the sidewalk.(炎熱指數★★★★)
我們可以在人行道上煎蛋了!
[解析] 能在地上煎蛋的溫度...不解釋!
英語口語技巧:切忌逐字翻譯
有人發現自己沒日沒夜的學習單詞語法,但是效果并不明顯開口還是 Chinglish。這里歸納了我在長期教學中所總結的各種中國學生在說英語時最容易出現的錯誤思維方式和習慣,和同學們分享,學習一門新的語言也就是在學習一種新的思維,一種對待事物的文化的另類看法。一直以來覺得能夠說好一門外語的人的性格是更為開放的,更能去從不同角度思考同一個事物。
這里首先歸納口語學習的第一大忌。
一、有一定副作用的“為什么”思維
喜歡問為什么其實沒有錯,在孩子的教育中我們比較鼓勵讓孩子問為什么,但是在口語的學習中,個人覺得“為什么”的思維在一定程度上有很大的副作用。
英語和漢語各自在不同的文化中誕生和發展 , 而我們現在學于外語,學習的不是如何把自己的語言如何的翻譯成另外一門語言 , 要學習的是在另外一個國家里面。在相同的一種語言環境下 , 他們在面臨和我們一樣的問題時候會說的那句話是什么。
就相當于我們知道中國人打招呼會和人說“最近怎么樣”,而我們學習用英語打招呼的時候并不是學習如何把你好翻譯成英語,而是學習當兩個老外在遇見對方時候他們會給對方所說的第一句話是什么,比如一個學生問我 , 為什么對方 What’s up 表示一種問候和打招呼 ,What 是“什么”的意思 ,up是“向上”的意思 , 放在一起怎么會是打招呼呢?這個問題我既解釋不清楚也不想去研究。吃了雞蛋即可,我不大關心是哪一只雞生的。誰知道人家當初發明語言的時候是怎么想的?我只知道他們一見面就說這句。所以這句話是打招呼,而且對方還做了一個回答,說明他是疑問句。除此以外他們還會說 What are you up to, How is it going , How are you getting along 等。別問“為什么”耽擱時間,先學會再說。
最后總結下,在口語的學習中,特別是初級階段,千萬不要被“為什么”思維所困繞。老師也許會在課堂中講解一些語言的有趣的由來,那是為了輕松下課堂氣氛,但是不是每一個語言后面都有個動聽故事可以說呢?不一定。絕大多數是無話可說的。而到達了語言學習的中高級階段,這種為什么的思維就能夠給你的學習增加很多興趣,能夠讓你去挖掘他語言中的一些精髓,就象是老外反過頭來研究我們的成語一樣,他們會覺得很有意思。
二、逐字翻譯式思維
這是最普遍也是最廣泛的一種中式英語思維。在說英語的時候先想到一句漢語,然后逐字翻譯成英語,再說出來。
這里我要強調,想到中文再翻譯成英語這是所有的口語初學者在學習的初級階段都會經歷的一個階段。但是這種翻譯并不是逐字翻譯,逐字翻譯只會讓你的語言顛三倒四,不倫不類。如果你進行逐字的翻譯,就說明在你的理解當中你默認英語的發明是根據漢語的語法規則和使用方法誕生的。實際上兩種語言是有著巨大區別。
而且文字在嚴格意義上來說不能一一對應 ., 我讓一些初級的學員造句,我能借你的筆嗎?他們一定會想到 I can borrow your pen?( 錯誤 ) 或者級別再高一點的同學會想到 Can I borrow your pen? 或者 Could you please lend me your pen? 第一句明顯的是個巨大的錯誤,后面兩句沒有問題,但是可以看出他們在翻譯上的一個誤區,就是一定要在英語中找到漢語中的“能”“借”等關鍵詞。從而讓自己的思維陷入一個十分狹窄的境地。
在實際生活中,我們更為簡單的表達方法,我們可以直接對對方說 Have you got a pen? 或者 Do you have a pen? 對方在聽了以后都能明白你是在借筆,甚至你可以簡短到用一個詞語 ”Pen ? ” ,都能夠表達你的意思。
這里強調在學習英語口語的過程中,我們的目的不是學習如何翻譯,我們是為了能讓對方明白我們要表達的意思,我們要表達的意思就是讓對方知道你想要對方給你一只筆而已。并不要把自己的思維固定到某個詞語上,中國人容易出現的問題是,在逐字翻譯的過程中,如果出現了自己翻譯不了的詞語,思維就會被卡住,不能再繼續進行對話。
我一次問學生,讓他描述他的家庭,他想了半天告訴我,他想說“和諧”但是不知道單詞。這就是一個中國人在和老外對話中最容易出現的狀況,思維一下子就局限在了“和諧”上面。于是我換了個問題問他,在他的心目中,一個和諧的家庭應該具備那些因素,列舉五個關鍵詞,于是他就總結了五個詞語love,respect,trust,happy,equal,然后我就問他,如果和諧可以用這五個詞語來概括的話,為什么不使用這五個詞語呢?為什么一定要抓不和諧不放呢?
在英語學習的思路中要抓住兩條:
一、學習新的詞匯和用法,如“和諧” Harmony。
二、運用你已經學習和掌握的簡單詞匯來描述和表達復雜的思想及情感。
倘若以上兩條能夠融會貫通,1500個詞匯就能讓你的口語變得巨牛無比。你和諧的家庭你可以這樣說:It's a happy family with equality, full of love,and we respect each other,trust each other.
英語口語:關于初戀那件小事的絕妙單詞搭配
1.對某人有意思:have a crush on someone
[注]crush做名詞講為“迷戀”,have a crush on someone表示對某人有很大的好感,很強烈的感情,也可以指暗戀
eg: I have a crush on you.
我特別喜歡你!
2.暗戀:be infatuated with
[注]迷戀、癡迷,尤指對某人產生強烈的短暫的情感
eg: He was infatuated with her.
他完全被她迷住了。
3.如膠似漆:honey and bee
[注] 字面意思:“蜂蜜和蜜蜂”,由此可見關系有多親密
eg:They are together like honey and bee.
他們如膠似漆。
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